Veranstaltungen

Abstract:

Compulsory licenses in competition law have been criticized primarily for their detrimental effect on incentives to innovate. As dynamic efficiency including innovation leads to more economic welfare than static efficiency, it should be the preferred policy choice. However, innovation is a complex process that goes beyond merely creating incentives for the private sector. This paper by relying on the Sectorial Systems of Innovation (SSI) approach investigates the Brazilian and Indian pharmaceutical sector and demonstrates the differences in innovative capability in these two jurisdictions. Whereas, the Indian pharmaceutical industry has moved up the R&D value chain, its Brazilian counterpart, by and large, is still in the phase of imitation. The paper uses this difference to draw a prescription for compulsory licenses under competition law in Brazil and India.

Why do individuals become entrepreneurs? When do they succeed? We develop a model in which individuals use pedigree (e.g., educational qualifications) as a signal to convince employers of their unobserved ability. However, this signal is imperfect, and individuals who correctly believe their ability is greater than their pedigree conveys to employers, choose entrepreneurship. Since ability, not pedigree, matters for productivity, entrepreneurs earn more than employees of the same pedigree. Our empirical analysis of two separate nationally representative longitudinal samples of individuals residing in the US and the UK supports the model’s predictions that (A) Entrepreneurs have higher ability than employees of the same pedigree, (B) Employees have better pedigree than entrepreneurs of the same ability, and (C) Entrepreneurs earn more, on average, than employees of the same pedigree, and their earnings display higher variance. We discuss the implications of our findings for entrepreneurship, education, and public policy.

The most recent version of the paper can be accessed at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2596846

Wie verändert das Internet Innovation? Dieser Frage geht Prof. Eric von Hippel, Ph.D., in seinem Vortrag nach. Das Munich Center for Internet Research (MCIR) führt damit seine erfolgreich gestartete Veranstaltungsreihe fort.

Eric von Hippel ist Professor of Technological Innovation an der MIT Sloan School of Management. Sein Forschungsschwerpunkt liegt auf der Demokratisierung von Innovation. Bahnbrechend war sein Konzept der „user innovation“: Von Hippel zeigt auf, dass Nutzer von Produkten und Dienstleistungen in vielen Fällen Innovationen hervorbringen und dass diese dann von Herstellern aufgegriffen und weiterentwickelt werden. Er tritt damit der vorherrschenden Auffassung entgegen, die gewinnorientierte Firmen als Haupttreiber technologischen und organisatorischen Wandels betrachtet. Weite Teile der Wissensökonomie bauen heute routinemäßig auf Nutzerinnovationen, Communities und Open Innovation auf.

Im Anschluss an den Vortrag diskutieren auf dem Podium Prof. Dr. Katja Hutter (Professorin für Marketing an der Universität Salzburg und Research Fellow am NASA Tournament Lab der Harvard University) sowie Dr. Norbert Lütke-Entrup (Head of Corporate Technology Management and Innovation bei der Siemens Group) über Folgen, Chancen und Risiken der veränderten Innovationsprozesse. Prof. Dietmar Harhoff, Ph.D. (Direktor am Max-Planck-Institut für Innovation und Wettbewerb und Honorarprofessor für Entrepreneurship und Innovation an der LMU München) wird die Diskussion moderieren.

Die Veranstaltung kann auch im Live-Stream verfolgt werden (www.mcir.badw.de) und per Live-Chat können Fragen in die Diskussion eingebracht werden.

Abstracts

The past two years have seen a very active enforcement of Anti-Monopoly law (AML) in China, especially in the intellectual property rights intensive industries. The enforcement agencies frequently carry out investigations into international companies in Internet and ICT industries. The "Qualcomm" decision made by NDRC (China’s national development and reform commission) in 2015 has drawn great attention not only in China but also worldwide, as some disputed approaches applied and remedies imposed by NDRC showed a relative strict regulation on price-related abusive conduct of practicing IPR. The balance between the protection of intellectual property and effective competition is always a tough ongoing topic. In this context, on the last day of 2015 NDRC invited public comments on its draft "Anti-Monopoly Guideline on Intellectual Property Abuse". Together with this, drafts from other two enforcement agencies and SIPO (State IP office) will be submitted to the Anti-Monopoly Committee under State Council for review in the first half of this year. In the light of the enforcement practices, the guideline intends to clarify and improve already established principles regarding the prohibition of abusive use of IPRs under Chinese AML.
This report will give an overview to the guideline drafts, and particularly comment on the draft of NDRC. The focal points in this draft guideline will be discussed, such as the unfairly high royalties, no-challenge clauses, and injunction relieves of IPR holders, etc. Moreover, the report intends to offer a glance into the public enforcement of AML status quo, and discuss the inconsistencies between the statutory provisions and practice of law, given the broad discretion of the enforcement agencies.
 
About the Speaker
Ms. Yukun Xiao LL.M (LMU), Ph.D candidate of Prof. Ackermann at the LMU. Her research fields include international competition law, innovation and competition policy. Her Ph.D research focuses on the public and private enforcement of the competition law in EU, Germany and China. Since 2014 Yukun Xiao has worked for Fraunhofer Gesellschaft at the department of IP commercialization. In January 2016 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft was invited by Delegation of the European Union and Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany in Beijing to comment on the NDRC Draft Guideline. Yukun Xiao was responsible for drawing up the first draft of opinions at Fraunhofer Gesellschaft.
 
About the Discussant:
Ms. Xin Zhao, PhD. Candidate of Tongji University Law School, Shanghai, China. She was Fulbright Visiting Scholar in The George Washington University and DAAD Scholarship holder. Her research fields are Anti-Monopoly Law and Patent Law.

Francisco Beneke wird zum Thema "Entry Analysis in Latin American Competition Law Enforcement - Why Development Matters" sprechen. Luc Desaunettes wird moderieren. 
 

Luc Desaunettes will talk about Justification for a legal protection of trade secrets. Andrea Bauer will moderate.

Referent: Christian Steinle
Interdependency between Personality, Social Networks and Performance of Inventors – Approach and Preliminary Stage Results

Discussant: Hakan Ozalp (ISTO, LMU)

Referent: Frank Müller-Langer
Replication in Economics: A Matter of Impact (with Benedikt Fecher, Dietmar Harhoff and Gert G. Wagner)

Discussant: Karl Aschenbrücker (ISTO, LMU)/Thorsten Grohsjean (ISTO, LMU)

Speaker: Dr. Margot Fröhlinger, Principal Director for Patent Law and Multilateral Affairs at EPO and Judge Sam Granata, External member of the UPC Legal Framework Groups “Rules on Procedure” and “Rules on Arbitration”.

Panel discussion with the main speakers and Dr. Armin Dürrschmidt, Partner, International Arbitration, Law Firm CMS Hasche Sigle and Dr. Michael Kock, Head of IP, Syngenta. Moderated by Dr. Peter Picht, LL.M. (Yale), Senior Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, Munich.

Abstract:

Research which explores unchartered waters has a high potential for major impact but also carries a high uncertainty of having minimal impact. Such explorative research is often described as taking a novel approach.

This study examines the complex relationship between pursuing a novel approach and impact. We measure novelty by examining the extent to which a published paper makes first time ever combinations of referenced journals, taking into account the difficulty of making such combinations. We apply this newly developed measure of novelty to a set of one million research articles across all scientific disciplines. We find that highly novel papers, defined to be those that make more (distinct) new combinations, have more than a triple probability of being a top 1% highly cited paper when using a sufficiently long citation time window to assess impact.

Moreover, follow-on papers that cite highly novel research are themselves more likely to be highly cited. However, novel research is also risky as it has a higher variance in the citation performance. These findings are consistent with the “high risk/high gain” characteristic of novel research.

We also find that novel papers are typically published in journals with a lower than expected Impact Factor and are less cited when using a short time window. Our findings suggest that science policy, in particular funding decisions which are over reliant on traditional bibliometric indicators based on short-term direct citation counts and Journal Impact Factors, may be biased against novelty. (Authors: Jian Wang/Reinhilde Veugelers/Paula Stephan)

Please drop us a line if you plan to attend.

Extended Abstract

Abstract:

Patent offices around the world face massive backlogs of applications, which threatens to slow down the pace of technological progress. However, economists lack analytical tools to address the issue. This paper provides a model of patent backlog inspired from the traffic congestion literature.

Inventors in the cohort are heterogeneous with respect to desired patent pendency duration and react in anticipation of the waiting time resulting from the backlog. They can accelerate or slow down pendency duration by adapting their filing strategy. We find that the backlog impedes patent examination progress by providing incentives to strategically manipulate pendency.

We discuss three policy responses: increasing examination capacity; introducing a penalty fee; and altering the value of pending applications.