Events

Monday, 13 June 2022
Chairs: Hanns Ullrich and Ansgar Ohly

Welcome
Dietmar Harhoff

Grand Challenges, Technology and IP: The Case of Global Food Security
Axel Metzger (Humboldt University Berlin)

Intellectual Property in the Circular Economy
Maria Lillà Montagnani (Bocconi University Milan)

IP and Transparency in an Algorithmic Society
Tanya Aplin (King’s College London)

Value Pluralism in Intellectual Property Law: Participation Rights in the Innovation and Information Ecosystem
Martin Senftleben (University of Amsterdam)

Tuesday, 14 June 2022
Chairs: Annette Kur and Josef Drexl

Radical Changes, Trends, and Constants: The Calibration of Intellectual Property Law
Marketa Trimble (University of Nevada, Las Vegas)

Why the Structure and Direction of Innovation Matters – ‘Another View of the Cathedral’
Matthias Leistner (University of Munich)

Back to Square One: Intellectual Property for the Common Good
Katharina de la Durantaye (Free University Berlin)

(Re-)Constructing IP Rights in Unsettled Times: The Multilateral Task of IP Scholarship
Michael Grünberger (University of Bayreuth)

Conclusion and Farewell
Josef Drexl

The Munich Summer Institute (MSI) is hosted by the Center for Law & Economics at ETH Zurich, the Chair for Technology and Innovation Management at TUM, the Chair for Economics of Innovation at TUM, the Institute for Strategy, Technology and Organization at the LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition.

Please find further information at the website of the MSI.

Prior research, primarily based on lab experiments, suggests that females might be more averse to competition than males and could be more inclined towards collaboration, instead. Were these findings to generalize to adults across the workforce, there could be profound implications for organizational theory and practice. This paper reports on a field experiment in which adults from a wide range of fields and ages were invited to join a product development opportunity. Individuals were randomly assigned to treatments framing the opportunity as either involving competitive or collaborative interactions with other participants. Among those outside of science, technology, engineering, and math fields (STEM), we find significant gender differences in willingness to participate under competition. Among those in STEM fields, we detect no statistical gender differences. These results and broader patterns documented in the study are consistent with significant heterogeneity in competitiveness across both men and women, with field and career sorting resulting in differences (in gender differences) across fields.

Contact: Rainer Widmann

Modern Development of Intellectual Property Acquis in the European Union and Approximation of Ukrainian Legislation to the EU Acquis
Dr. of Legal Sciences, D.J.S. Yuriy Kapitsa

Enforcement of Competition Law and the Digital Markets Act
Dr. Nataliia Mazaraki

Intellectual Property Law and Work-Like AI-Assisted and AI-Generated Objects
Kateryna Militsyna

Right to Remuneration of Authors under Copyright Law of Ukraine and the EU: Ways of Harmonisation
Assist. Prof. Dr. Liubov Maidanyk

The Balance between Intellectual Property Rights on Distinctive Signs and the Public Interests in a Globalising World
Assoc. Prof. Valentyna Kryzhna

NOBILIS: Research Institute Concept Development
Anastasiia Lutsenko, Ph.D. (ABD)

Development of the Strategy of Internationalization of Technology Transfer in the Transnational Space: Analytical Forecasting, Modelling of Challenges and Prospects
Dr. of Economics Iryna Novikova

Commercialization of Socially Significant Medical Innovations and Related Intellectual Property Rights
Prof. Dr. Liudmyla Petrenko

Innovation for social progress (ISP) – innovation that addresses society’s greatest challenges, like climate change, education, and healthcare – is characterized by a unique double-externality challenge. Imperfect appropriability, which generates knowledge spillovers and applies to innovation of all types, but also production and consumption externalities, which lead to prices not fully reflecting the costs and benefits to society. In this paper, we posit that these two market failures are interdependent and show how this changes the expected effects of each on ISP relative to when they are considered in silos. We then test the theoretical predictions by estimating the effects of knowledge spillovers and carbon pricing – capturing the two market failures and their interactions – on green and dirty innovation in the United Kingdom’s energy, transportation, and manufacturing sectors. Using instrumental variable and difference-in-discontinuities approaches, we find that, while carbon pricing generally increases green innovation, knowledge spillovers attenuate this effect. Technology-neutral R&D tax credits aiming to address the appropriability challenge do as well. Our findings highlight the importance of considering market failure interdependence when designing policy that aims to steer the direction of innovation.

Contact: Cristina Rujan

Dr. h.c. Thomas Sattelberger, Parliamentary State Secretary at the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, speaks on “Neue Perspektiven in der Forschungs- und Innovationspolitik”.

This paper develops a novel procedure for proxying economic activity with daytime satellite imagery across time periods and spatial units, for which reliable data on economic activity are otherwise not available. In developing this unique proxy, we apply machine-learning techniques to a historical time series of daytime satellite imagery dating back to 1984. Compared to satellite data on night light intensity, another increasingly used economic proxy, our proxy more precisely predicts economic activity at smaller regional levels and over longer time horizons. We demonstrate our measure's usefulness for the example of Germany, where data on economic activity are unavailable for detailed regional levels and historical time series. This is especially true for areas of East Germany before reunification. Our procedure is generalizable to other settings, and yields great potential for analyzing historical economic developments, evaluating local policy reforms, and controlling for economic activity at highly disaggregated regional levels in econometric applications.

Contact: Michael E. Rose

Do VCs Help to Overcome Information Asymmetry due to Cultural Distance in Potential Acquisitions
Presenter: Gresa Latifi (TUM) (joint work with M. Colombo, J. Henkel, and B. Montanaro)
Discussant: Giulia Solinas (ISTO)

Government funding of innovation can have a significant impact not only on the rate of technical change, but also on its direction. In this paper, we examine the role that government grants and government departments played in the development of artificial intelligence (AI), an emergent general-purpose technology with the potential to revolutionize many aspects of the economy and society. We analyze all AI patents filed at the US Patent and Trademark Office and develop network measures that capture each patent’s influence on all possible sequences of follow-on innovation. By identifying the effect of patents on technological trajectories, we are able to account for the long-term cumulative impact of new knowledge not captured by standard patent citation measures. We show that patents funded by government grants, but above all patents filed by federal agencies and state departments, profoundly influenced the development of AI. These long-term effects were especially significant in early phases, and weakened over time as private incentives took over. The results hold controlling for endogeneity, and are robust to alternative specifications.

Contact: Rainer Widmann

The question of who gains from high-quality entrepreneurship is crucial to understanding whether investments in incubating potentially innovative start-up firms will produce socially beneficial outcomes. We attempt to bring new evidence to this question by combining new aggregate measures of local area income inequality and income mobility with measures of entrepreneurship from Guzman and Stern (2020). Our new aggregate measures are generated by linking American Community Survey data with the universe of IRS 1040 tax returns. In both fixed effects and IV models using a Bartik-style instrument, we find that entrepreneurship increases income inequality. Further, we find that this increase in income inequality arises due to the fact that almost all of the individual gains associated with increased entrepreneurship accrue to the top 10 percent of the income distribution. While we find mixed evidence for small positive effects of entrepreneurship lower on the income distribution, we find little if any evidence that entrepreneurship increases income mobility. (Joint work with John Voorheis)

Contact: Fabian Gaessler