Artha Dermawan

Contributions to Collected Editions, Commentaries, Handbooks and Encyclopaedias

Artificial Intelligence and Consensus-Based Remuneration Regime in Southeast Asia, in: Law, Governance and Technology Series, Springer, Berlin 2024, forthcoming (together with Péter Mezei).

Sustainable Patent Governance of Artificial Intelligence. Recalibrating the European Patent System to Foster Innovation (SDG 9), in: Bita Amani, Caroline Ncube, Matthew Rimmer (eds.), The Elgar Companion on Intellectual Property and the Sustainable Development Goals, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA, USA 2024, 299 - 322 (together with Guido Noto La Diega, Gabriele Cifrodelli).

Beasiswa di Belanda, in: Febi Junaidi (ed.), Beasiswa Dunia Bayar Kegagalan Dengan Beasiswa, Youth Break the Boundaries 2020, 10 - 20.

Journal Articles

Towards AI Copyright Equilibrium, TalTech Journal of European Studies 14 (2024), forthcoming.

AI vs. Copyright: How Could Public Interest Theory Shift the Discourse?, Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 2024, forthcoming. DOI

Text and Data Mining Exceptions in the Development of Generative AI Models: What the EU Member States Could Learn from the Japanese 'Non-Enjoyment' Purposes?, Journal of World Intellectual Property 27, 1 (2024), 44 - 68. DOI

• The European Union (EU) text and data mining (TDM) provisions are a progressive move, but the horizon is still uncertain for both generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) models researchers and developers. This article suggests that to drive innovation and further the commitment to the digital single market, during the national implementation, EU Member States could consider taking the Japanese broad, all-encompassing and “nonenjoyment-based” TDM as an example. The Japanese “nonenjoyment” purposes, however, are not foreign to the European continental view of copyright. A similar concept can be found under the German concept of “Freier Werkgenuss” or enjoyment of the work. A flexible TDM exception built upon the German notion of nonenjoyment purposes could become an opening clause to foster innovation and creativity in the age of GenAI. Moreover, the article argues that an opening clause allowing TDM with “nonenjoyment” purposes could be permissible under the so-called three-step test. This article further suggests, if there is no political will to safeguard “the right to read should be the right to mine” and to provide a welcoming environment for GenAI researchers and developers, when shaping the legal interpretation through national case law, the EU Member States could consider the following: (1) advocate for 72 h of response if technological protection measures (TPMs) are preventing TDM, and (2) Robot Exclusion Standard (robot.txt) as a warning when TDM is not allowed on a website. It is now in the hands of the EU Member States, whether to protect the interests of rightholders or to create a balance between safeguarding “the right to read should be the right to mine,” protecting rightholders exclusivity, and creating a supportive environment for the GenAI models researcher and developers.

Aktualisasi Penerapan Nilai Normatif Kebebasan Berekspresi di Indonesia oleh Warga Negara dan Mahkamah Konstitusi, Jurnal Analisis Hukum 2.1 (2019), 1 - 20.

• Posisi Kebebasan Pers di Indonesia memiliki tempatnya sendiri dalam Konstitusi Indonesia dan peraturan lainnya. Dari waktu ke waktu, sejak awal kemerdekaan hingga era reformasi, posisi pers berdasarkan perspektif konstitusional memiliki perubahan yang cukup dinamis. Itu dimulai ketika perumusan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, disahkannya Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia pada tahun 1949, Konstitusi Sementara pada tahun 1950, dan masa UUD 1945 UUD dengan beberapa amandemen sesudahnya, hingga diundangkannya Undang-Undang No. 40 tahun 1999 Tentang Pers. Dalam mewujudkan hak-hak konstitusional yang diluruskan terhadap kebebasan pers di Indonesia, dibutuhkan kerja sama sinergis antara warga negara sebagai subjek dan Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai lembaga terkemuka yang melaksanakan misi penting pelurusan konstitusi negara. Sementara itu, peran yang dapat diambil oleh warga negara mungkin adalah pemberian dukungan penuh kepada para pelaku pers di negara ini, dan peran Mahkamah Konstitusi yang dapat diambil adalah dalam bentuk implementasi konkret terhadap petisi untuk peninjauan kembali yudisial. Uji yang diajukan Produk hukum komunitas terhadap kebebasan pers yang bertentangan dengan undang-undang.
• The position of The Freedom of Pers in Indonesia has its own place in the Indonesian
  Constitution and theirs other regulation. From time to time, since the beginning of
  independence to the reform era, the position of press based of the constitutional perspective
  in term has a dynamic change. It is begin when the formulation of the 1945 Constitution, the
  enactment of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Stated in 1949, Temporary
  Constitution in 1950, and the time of the UUD’s 1945 Constitution with some amendments afterwards, until the promulgation of Act No. 40 of 1999 Concerning the press. In realizing
  the constitutional rights straightening against press freedom in Indonesia, it takes a
  synergistic cooperation between citizens as subjects and the Constitutional Court as the
  leading institution carrying out the important mission of Constitution straightening of the
  country. Meanwhile, the role can be taken by citizens may be the granting of full support to
  the perpetrators of the press in the country, and the role of the Constitutional Court may be taken is in the form of implementation of concrete against the petition for judicial review Test proposed Community legal products against press freedom in opposition to the legislation.
• https://journal.undiknas.ac.id/index.php/JAH/issue/view/65

Research Papers

Artificial Surrealism and Authors' Rights (Max Planck Institute for Innovation & Competition Research Paper, No. 24-11), 2024, 20 pp.

• The article examines the implications of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) within the framework of copyright law, drawing analogies between the foundational principles of Surrealism, particularly psychic automatism, and the contemporary practice of authors collaborating with GenAI technologies. This phenomenon, in which this article termed as "Artificial Surrealism," highlights the spontaneity and unpredictability inherent in GenAI, reflecting the core attributes of the Surrealist movement. The article identifies and addresses the challenges posed by GenAI, particularly the unauthorized use of copyright-protected works in AI training datasets. It provides a thorough analysis of the European Union's legislative responses, with particular emphasis on the Text and Data Mining (TDM) exceptions outlined in the Digital Single Market Directive, and emphasizes the urgent need for a more effective remuneration mechanism for authors. To address these challenges, the article proposes the establishment of a Collective Licensing with an Extended Effect (CLEE) regime, recommending a remuneration framework administered by Collective Management Organizations (CMOs). This regime aims to ensure equitable compensation for authors whose works are incorporated into GenAI training processes. Additionally, the article advocates for a pro-rata remuneration model for the distribution of revenue, predicated on the extent of each author's contribution to the AI training datasets. It underscores the necessity for a transparent and adaptable legal framework that effectively balances the imperatives of creativity, innovation, and the protection of authors' rights in the era of Artificial Surrealism.
• Available at SSRN

Further Publications, Press Articles, Interviews

The Jakarta Effect: Could Southeast Asia’s Consensus-Based Remuneration Approach Be the Blueprint for Human-Centric AI?, Kluwer Copyright Blog 2023 (together with Peter Mezei).

• https://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2023/12/14/the-jakarta-effect-could-southeast-asias-consensus-based-remuneration-approach-be-the-blueprint-for-human-centric-ai/

Apple Vision Pro: Here's How Spatial Computing Could Benefit Intellectual Property, From Lapland with Law: The Blog of the University of Lapland Faculty of Law 2023.

• https://fromlaplandwithlaw.blogspot.com/2023/06/apple-vision-pro-heres-how-spatial.html

Fan-Powered Royalties (FPR) for Artists in the Age of Online Music Platforms: A Leading Edge or Another 'Meh.'?, From Lapland with Law - The Blog of the University of Lapland Faculty of Law 2023 10.01.2023.

Generative Artificial Intelligence and Copyright, in: Proceedings of the AI and IP Research jointly organised by Centre d'études internationales de la propriété intellectuelle (CEIPI) University of Strasbourg and Institut für Internationales Recht, Geistiges Eigentum und Technikrecht (IRGET) TU Dresden), Centre d'études internationales de la propriété intellectuelle (CEIPI); Institut für Internationales Recht, Geistiges Eigentum und Technikrecht (IRGET) TU Dresden, Strasbourg; Dresden 2023, 12 - 25.

• Event: AI and IP Research Atelier Workshop, Strasbourg, 2022-05-19