Miscellaneous  |  07/01/2021 | 06:00 PM  –  07:15 PM

Impfstoff für alle! Was lässt sich tun?

Max-Planck-Forum Berlin with Director Reto M. Hilty


Livestream via YouTube

Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Reto M. Hilty
Director Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Reto M. Hilty

This event will be held in German.


Die Impfung ist derzeit der Königsweg aus der weltweiten Corona-Pandemie. Doch wie kann mehr Impfstoff möglichst rasch produziert und global verteilt werden? In der aktuellen Debatte trifft die Forderung nach Aussetzung des Patentschutzes für Covid-19-Impfstoffe auf Bedenken, dass dies notwendige Innovation langfristig verhindern könnte. Das Forum bringt die Standpunkte zusammen und fragt nach. Wie gelangen wir zu mehr globaler Gerechtigkeit in der Bekämpfung der Pandemie und sichern zugleich den Rahmen für Innovationen in der Arzneimittelforschung? Was bedeutet das in der Praxis?
 

In den Industrieländern geben sinkende Infektionszahlen und ein steigender Anteil geimpfter Menschen Anlass zu hoffen, dass Covid-19 bald überwunden sein könnte. Doch um die Pandemie langfristig zu besiegen und die Bildung von Mutationen einzudämmen, sollte der größte Teil der Weltbevölkerung möglichst rasch geimpft werden. Bislang haben Menschen in den ärmsten Ländern das größte Risiko an der Infektion zu sterben und die geringste Aussicht auf eine baldige Impfung.


Die Frage, wie mehr Impfstoff produziert und gerecht verteilt werden kann, wird derzeit heftig debattiert. Den Kern bildet die Forderung, den Patentschutz auf Corona-Impfstoffe auszusetzen. Doch führt dieser Weg wirklich zum Ziel oder bremst er notwendige Weiterentwicklungen? Das Forum erörtert die bisherigen Regelungen durch das internationale Patentrecht und fragt welche anderen Wege es geben kann, um rascher möglichst viel Menschen mit mehr Impfstoff zu versorgen.


Welche rechtlichen Regeln gelten für die Nutzung der von mRNA- und Vektor-Impfstoffen? Welche Verfahren, Abläufe und Inhaltsstoffe braucht es, um sie zu produzieren und zu verteilen und was sind die größten Hürden? Welche benötigen wir in Zukunft? Welche Folgen hätte die Aussetzung des Patentrechts als Eingriff des Staates in den Markt aktuell und auf lange Sicht, und was sollte getan werden, um Menschen in armen Ländern zu helfen?

 

Es diskutieren:


Prof. Dr. Reto Hilty, Max-Planck-Institut für Innovation und Wettbewerb, München
Als Experte für internationales Patentrecht warnt er vor einer Aushebelung des Patenschutzes in einem aktuellen Positionspapier.


Elisabeth Massute, Ärzte ohne Grenzen
Mit der Medikamentenkampagne setzt sich Ärzte ohne Grenzen für den Zugang zu bezahlbaren Medikamenten, Impfstoffen und Diagnostika für Menschen in ärmeren Ländern ein. In diesem Rahmen fordert Ärzte ohne Grenzen u.a. die Aussetzung des Patentschutzes für Covid-19-Technologien und schnelle Transfers der nötigen Technologien und des Know-how an geeignete Hersteller für eine Ausweitung der Produktion weltweit.


Prof. Dr. Stefan Kaufmann, Max-Planck-Institut für Infektionsbiologie, Berlin
Als emeritierter Direktor am MPI für Infektionsbiologie forscht Kaufmann seit Jahren über Infektionskrankheiten und ihre Bekämpfung und hat einen Impfstoff gegen Tuberkulose entwickelt, der nun in mehreren Phase III Studien auf Wirksamkeit getestet wird. Er kennt das Problem der Gesundheitsvorsorge in armen Ländern auch aus der Praxis.


Prof. Dr. Jochen Maas, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt-Hoechst
Jochen Maas leitet den deutschen Standort der globalen Forschung und Entwicklung bei einem der wichtigsten Pharmaunternehmen weltweit, das zwei Corona-Impfstoffmodalitäten – einen proteinbasierten und einen mRNA-Impfstoff - entwickelt. Der Impfstoff auf Proteinbasis befindet sich derzeit in der letzten klinischen Testphase und soll bei positivem Ausgang noch in diesem Jahr verfügbar sein. 


Moderation: Volkart Wildermuth, Wissenschaftsjournalist


Youtube video of the discussion from the Harnack House in Berlin.

Seminar  |  06/30/2021, 03:00 PM

Innovation & Entrepreneurship Seminar: Selling Impressions

Dirk Bergemann (Yale University)


Seminars currently take place in online format (see seminar page).

When publishers sell impressions, advertisers cannot target viewers without information from the publisher.  By withholding information from advertisers (or limiting their ability to make contingent bids), the publisher can pool impressions for a given advertiser.  Pooling impressions increases market thickness but reduces efficiency.  We show that it is optimal for the publisher to pool high value impressions, in order to maintain market competition, but separate low value impressions, to maintain efficiency. (Joint work with Stephen Morris, MIT, and Tibor Heumann, PUC Chile)

Contact Person: Marina Chugunova

Seminar  |  06/24/2021, 03:00 PM

TIME Colloquium

Felix Pöge, Lucy Xiaolu Wang (both Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition) (on invitation)


Online Event

Innovation under regulatory uncertainty and the role of expectations: Evidence from the U.S. drone market
Presenter: Virginia Herbst (TUM)
Discussant: Lucy Xialou Wang (Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition)


There and back again: Disruptive transitions in dyadic role relationships
Presenter: Maren Mickeler (LMU ISTO)
Discussant: Daniel Obermeier (TUM)

Seminar  |  06/16/2021 | 05:00 PM  –  06:15 PM

Innovation & Entrepreneurship Seminar: The Gender Gap in Scientific Credit

Britta Glennon (University of Pennsylvania & NBER)


Seminars currently take place in online format (see seminar page).

There is a well-documented gap in the observed number of scientific works produced by male and female scientists. We first document that the gender gap in observed scientific productivity may be in part explained by a gender gap in the attribution of scientific credit. We find that women are approximately half as likely to be named on any given patent or publication produced by their team as their male counterparts, and women are twice as likely to be left off the coauthor list of the most cited scientific works produced by their team, relative to the papers that receive no citations. The gender gap in attribution is found across scientific fields and career stage. We then investigate some possible explanations for the gender gap in scientific credit.


Contact person: Cristina Rujan

Workshop  |  06/09/2021, 09:30 AM

IP Laws’ Game Changers? The Cases of IoT and AI Technologies

Max Planck Law Teaching Session with Begoña Gonzalez Otero
(Registration required)

Begona Gonzalez Otero
Begoña Gonzalez Otero

We are facing what some have described as a period of the most radical exponential change in human history. The overlapping emergence of new technologies, including the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence, point towards a disturbing scenario in which many of our well established certainties are broken into millions of pieces. Intellectual property is not immune to these challenges. As a tool to encourage innovation and competition in the marketplace, any intellectual property system should be aligned with the development of big-data, AI, and other hybridization technologies. But an intellectual property system also must contribute to sustainable development goals.


The course will examine in a holistic manner the impact emerging technologies and new hybrid technologies may have on intellectual property systems


9 June 2021
The first day will focus on the context of society and markets in which technological disruptions occur and will identify the main challenges of data-driven technologies to innovation and competition.


10 June 2021
The second day will look at the legal and policy challenges, rolling out the two cases (IoT and AI) across the IP landscape.


Participants are encouraged to think beforehand of one example about what they may consider an innovation in their field of expertise that has been motivated by the use of IoT or AI technologies.


In-person if possible or hybrid format.


Webpage of Begoña Gonzalez Otero

Conference  |  06/07/2021, 09:00 AM

Munich Summer Institute 2021

The Munich Summer Institute 2021 will take place from 7 to 9 June 2021. The program is now available. More information on the MSI website.

Seminar  |  05/26/2021, 02:00 PM

Innovation & Entrepreneurship Seminar: Burying the Hatchet? How Competition Affects the Performance Benefits of Diversity

Giada Di Stefano (Bocconi University)


Seminars currently take place in online format (see seminar page).

Abstract follows soon.


Contact Person: Lucy Xiaolu Wang

Seminar  |  05/19/2021, 03:00 PM

Innovation & Entrepreneurship Seminar: Welfare Effects of R&D Policies

Otto Toivanen (Aalto University)


Seminars currently take place in online format (see seminar page).

We conduct a welfare analysis of R&D subsidies and tax credits incorporating externalities, limited R&D participation and financial market imperfections, estimating the model using Finnish R&D project level data. Firms with no immediate R&D history face more severe financial market imperfections than firms with a history of R&D. The intensive, not the extensive margin of R&D is important for policy. Financial market imperfections play no role in determining R&D. Tax credits and subsidies increase R&D investments compared to laissez-faire but less than first best. Neither R&D support policy improves welfare. (Joint work with Tuomas Takalo, Bank of Finland, and Tanja Tanayama, EIB) 


Contact: Rainer Widmann

Seminar  |  05/12/2021 | 05:00 PM  –  06:15 PM

Innovation & Entrepreneurship Seminar: Valuing the Vaccine

Lisa Larrimore Ouellette (Stanford Law School)


Seminars currently take place in online format (see seminar page).

We wrote the attached draft article, Valuing the Vaccine, in the context of debates over whether contracts to COVID-19 vaccine manufacturers for less than $40 per course were overcompensating those producers. In short, we argue that the right lodestar for valuing medical innovations is social value—not compensating R&D costs—and that even with low-end estimates of social value, current prices reward developers with a small fraction of those estimates.

During the talk, I will also explain our plans to extend this argument in a broader paper, tentatively titled Valuing Medical Innovation. Although cost-based pricing has attracted significant attention from scholars concerned with U.S. pharmaceutical pricing, our arguments for value-based pricing are not limited to the COVID-19 vaccine context. In some cases, such as drugs without rigorous evidence of comparative clinical efficacy, value-based pricing suggests that current rewards are too high. In other cases, such as for preventative medicines and treatments that require lengthy clinical trials, evidence suggests that current rewards are too low. 


Contact Person: Lucy Xiaolu Wang

Seminar  |  05/05/2021 | 04:00 PM  –  05:15 PM

Innovation & Entrepreneurship Seminar: Biased Beliefs and Entry into Scientific Careers

Ina Ganguli (University of Massachusetts - Amherst)


Seminars currently take place in online format (see seminar page).

We investigate whether excessively optimistic beliefs play a role in the persistent demand for doctoral and postdoctoral training in science. We elicit the beliefs and career preferences of doctoral students through a novel survey and randomize the provision of structured information on the true state of the academic market and information through role models on nonacademic careers. One year later, both treatments lead students to update their beliefs about the academic market and impact career preferences. However, we do not find an effect on actual career outcomes two years postintervention.

Link to paper: https://research.upjohn.org/up_workingpapers/334/


Contact: Fabian Gaessler