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In national innovation systems, universities are not only essential elements of the research infrastructure, but also main players in the field of education and further education. Their specific role in the interplay between knowledge production and market implementation of knowledge via start–ups derives from this fact. This article takes as its theme the university environment which supports and stimulates the start–up processes. It also shows the progress achieved in the German university landscape in recent years on the path towards a culture of entrepreneurship in teaching and research. This is manifested, for example, in the number of start–up chairs, the development of networks to exploit the start–up potential of universities together with regional partners, and in the numbers of spin–offs established.
